The economy of Oyo state is mainly based on agriculture and handicrafts. The population was approximately 245,000 in 2006 census. [9] Oyo never encompassed all Yoruba-speaking people, but it was the most populous kingdom in Yoruba history. Read More. Independent of the succession, the Aremo was quite powerful in his own right. Forces inside metropolitan Oyo were commanded by the Bashorun, leading member of the Oyo Mesi. [19] In 1764, a joint Akan (Akyem)-Dahomey-Oyo[20] force defeated an Asante army. The suicide ceremony took place during the Orun festival. The people created a government that established its power over a vast empire. [51] After gaining its independence, Dahomey began raiding the corridor. Ibadan had been the centre of administ… Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. "Royal Gold Coast Gazette and Commercial Intelligencer" Cape coast, 1822-3, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo, "http://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/2004/database/fasanya.html". It came into existence with the break up of the old Western State of Nigeria during the state creation exercise in 1976 and it originally included Ọsun State, which was split off in 1991. "The Original Religion of the Yorubas". [7], Under his successor, Abipa, the Yoruba repopulated Oyo-Ile and rebuilt the original capital. Arulogun/ Eniose/Aroro, OjoEmo/Moniya, Iroko, Iwokoto/ Talontan/Idi Oro, Ojoo/Ajibode/Laniba, Ikereku, Olanla /Oboda /Labode, Ijaye/Ojedeji, Olode/Amosun/Onidundu, Ward 7 NW4, Ward 8 NW5, Ward 9 NW 6, Ward I N1(part I). Shillington, Kevin. At one time, Oyo-ile was at war with the Bariba of Borgu, who wanted to subjugate the new city still under construction. By 1837, the kingdom of Oyo … The paramount ruler of Badagry, Oba Babatunde Akran, the Whenu Aholu Menu Toyi has just celebrated his … The people created a government that established its power over a vast empire. They were regarded as Ekeji Orisa, meaning "deputy of the gods." Oyo State was carved out of the Western State in 1976. New alaafins of Oyo were therefore seen as being appointed by the gods. By the beginning of the 19th Century Oyo lost control of lucrative trade routes which had been a major source of state revenue. The indigenes mainly comprise the Oyos,the Oke-Oguns, the Ibadans and the Ibarapas, all belonging to the Yoruba family and peoples of Africa|indigenous]] city in Africa, south of the Sahara. Metropolitan Oyo corresponded, more or less, to the Oyo state prior to the Nupe invasion. [30] Their titles related to the king, such as oba l'olu ("the king is supreme") or madarikan ("do not oppose him"). INDEPENDENCE DRIVE: Here’s a brief history about Oyo stateCULTURE & TOURISM BY QUICKSILVER [sup][/sup] Oyo State, popularly referred to as the “Pace Setter” is one of the 36 States of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The majority of the people are members of the Yoruba ethnic group. Oyo could not maintain its cavalry army in the south but could raid at will. [17] Dahomey was forced to pay tribute to Oyo. The events that led to the secession of Ilorin began in 1793. History of Iganna Town. Oyo State is homogenous, mainly inhabited by the Yoruba ethnic group who are primarily agrarian but have a predilection for living in high-density urban centers. The town was founded in the mid-17th century by Ogunlola, a brave hunter of Ibariba descent. Celebrated regularly, it would retain much significance among the Yoruba long after the fall of Oyo. At present very little is known about the early history of the state. The indigenes mainly comprise the Oyos, the Oke-Oguns, the Ibadans and the Ibarapas, all belonging to … The Oyo Mesi were seven principal councillors of the state. They were, however, supervised by Ajele. [40] As stated earlier, Metropolitan Oyo was divided into six provinces divided evenly by a river. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! [7] Sometime around 1535, the Nupe occupied Oyo and forced its ruling dynasty to take refuge in the kingdom of Borgu. In 1823, after Afonja had been killed by his erstwhile allies Shehu Alimi and Solagberu (who was himself later killed by Alimi's son), Ilorin became part of the Sokoto Caliphate. It was founded in the mid 17th century. Seyi Makinde stated this at the. [46], After the death of Awole, there was a scramble for the throne by numerous contenders; some were reported to have spent less than six months on the throne; there was also a period of interregnum of almost twenty years where the various factions could not agree on a candidate. techfeatured. Although the State is home to various ethnic groups, it is predominantly filled with the Yoruba. Oyo state comprises of thirty-three (33) local government areas. [7] After this, Oba Orompoto led attacks to obliterate the Nupe to ensure Oyo was never threatened by them again. Senator Abiola Ajimobi is the present governor of Oyo State with Chief Moses Alake as the deputy governor. [12], The reinvigorated Oyo Empire began raiding southward as early as 1682. Ibadan had been the centre of administration of the old Western Region since the days of Britishcolonial ru… [33], Unlike the great savannah empires, of which Oyo may not be called a successor since it was a successor of Ife, there was little if any Islamic influence in the empire. [11], In 1823 Dahomey was reported to have raided villages that were under the protection of Oyo for slaves due to the high demand for them. [11] By the end of the 16th century, the Ewe and Aja states of modern Benin were paying tribute to Oyo. The Oyo Mesi developed as a check on the Alaafin's power, preventing the Alaafin from being an autocrat; they compelled many Alaafins to commit suicide during the 17th and 18th centuries.[32]. [13] Oyo led a successful campaign into Mahi territory north of Dahomey in the late 18th century. Seyi Makinde stated this at the. About 22% of the population lived in large areas with populations exceeding 100,000, and over 50% lived in cities made up of 25,000 or more people. This sometimes led the crown prince, known as the Aremo, to hasten the death of his father. The Eso were led by the Are-Ona-Kakanfo,[28] and were famous for living by a warrior code that was comparable to the Latin dictum infra dignitatem. During the colonial period, the Yorubas were one of the most urbanized groups in Africa. The Oyo State Government has set aside the sum of #732million in the year 2021 budget to cater for community development capital and recurrent expenditure projects under the State’s Community and Social Development Project (CSDP). This Arm of the State is headed by the chief judge of the State to ensure justice in all areas. [11] Occasionally, tributary leaders would be ordered to attack neighbors even without the backing of the main imperial army. He left all his treasures in Ife and allowed another king to rule there.[4]. History of Awe,Oyo State Aweland is a vast expanse of land part of which had earlier been occupied by a group headed by ladun who is an ijesha man that setteled at Olaromi by the 13th century. Latest Nigeria News Headlines December 23 2020, Latest Nigeria News Headlines December 22 2020, Ethiopian Airline Retrieves Black Box of Crashed Airplane, How to Check Your BVN Details on Your Phone, Pictures of Ankara Dresses for Children 2020, 35 Ankara Designs for Kids to Rock this 2020, Akinmorin/Jobele, Awe I, Awe II, Fiditi  I, Fiditi II, IIora I, IIora II, llora III, Imini, Iware. [7] During the reign of Oba Ajiboyede, he held the first Bere festival, an event to celebrate peace in the kingdom. [46] Afonja carried out Awole's order and sacked Apomu, but on the return of the army from the campaign he marched on the capital Oyo-Ile (which was itself a taboo), and demanded that Awole abdicate. Gaha's treachery was not ended until 1774 during the reign of Alaafin Abiodun, the fifth Alaafin he served. [13] By the end of its military expansion, Oyo's borders would reach to the coast some 320 kilometres (200 mi) southwest of its capital. Ajaka was deposed, because he lacked Yoruba military virtue and allowed his sub-chiefs too much independence. Ibadan which is the largest city in the state possesses industries such as a brewery, cannery, publishing industry, tobacco processing factory, and motor-vehicle assembly plant. [19] The Oyo did not use guns in its major conquests. Top six of such places are: Oyo State has eighteen (18) Local Government Areas grouped under the three zones. Chief Christopher Adebayo Alao-Akala is a significant political gladiator. Oba Atiba sought to preserve what remained of Oyo by placing on Ibadan the duty of protecting the capital from the Ilorin in the north and northeast. Oyo had grown into a formidable inland power by the end of the 14th century. It was formed in 1976 from Western State, and included Ọsun State, which was split off in 1991. Oranyan made an agreement with his brother to launch a punitive raid on their northern neighbors for insulting their father Oduduwa, the first Ooni of Ife. During the 17th century, Oyo began a long stretch of growth, becoming a major empire. His successor, Kori, managed to conquer the rest of what later historians would refer to as metropolitan Oyo.[4]. [23] Oyo appointed these to visit and sometimes reside in Dahomey and the Egbado Corridor to collect taxes and spy on Dahomey's military successes, so that the Alaafin of Oyo could get his cut.[31]. History of Iganna Town. There are also tertiary institutions located in the state that forms part of its economy, such as: University of Ibadan (Ibadan), Ladoke Akintola university of Technology (Ogbomoso), Lead University (Ibadan), Atiba University (Oyo), Ajayi Crowther University (Oyo) and other various institutions cut across the state. [52] He also attempted to get the Ijaye to protect Oyo from the west against the Dahomeans. [28] This do-or-die policy no doubt contributed to the military aggressiveness of Oyo's generals. It rose through the outstanding organizational and administrative skills of the Yoruba people, wealth gained from trade and its powerful cavalry. The indigenes mainly comprise the Oyos, the Oke-Oguns, the Ibadans and the Ibarapas, all belonging to the Yoruba family and indigenous city in Africa. The unexpected happened in the land of Oyo,right there in the king household. With imperial expansion, Oyo reorganized to better manage its vast holdings within and outside of Yorubaland. Oyo state was one of the three states carved out of the old western state of Nigeria on the 3rd of February 1976 during states creation exercise which originally included Osun state but was later divided in 1991. Provincial forces were thus grouped into two armies, under the Onikoyi and the Okere for the east and west side of the river respectively. The Oyo army was able to attack defensive fortifications, but it was harder to supply an army, and they withdrew when supplies ran out. It came into existence with the break up of the old Western State of Nigeria during the State creation exercise in 1976 and it originally included Osun State, which was split off in 1991. [7] Despite a failed attempt to conquer the Benin Empire sometime between 1578 and 1608,[7] Oyo continued to expand. [29], There was a high degree of professionalism in the army of the Oyo Empire. Oyo was reduced in size when Osun state was created out of its eastern portion in 1991. Gaha was subsequently executed by Abiodun but the instability that had been brought about by these intrigues had further weakened Oyo. MICHAEL ADEYOMO ADEYEMI is the present speaker of the State Assembly. It was divided into four layers defined by relation to the core of the empire. "Empire" as a description of foreign policy, This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 15:26. The peace talks eventually broke down, and Oyo subsequently attacked Dahomey. The Oyo Empire grew to become the largest Yoruba state. [5] Leadership was then conferred upon Ajaka's brother, Shango, who was later deified as the deity of thunder and lightning. [14], Ajaland was the last layer added to the empire. A testament to how widespread the institution was is the fact that there were (and still are) Ogboni councils at nearly all sub-courts within Yorubaland. Required fields are marked *. Oyo Empire. Oyo State - History. Ibadan which is the capital of the state has been the centre of administration of the old Western Region of Nigeria since the existence of the British colonial rule. Oranyan followed the advice and founded Oyo where the serpent stopped. Oyo was also affected by the Fulani Jihad waged by Muslims on its northern frontier. The Sabiganna of Iganna origin is traceable to Adebiyi, one of the grandsons of Oduduwa known as Onisabe. The little that is known is gleaned mostly from Yoruba legends and traditions. [11] Metropolitan Oyo was divided into six provinces, with three on the west side of the Ogun River and three to the river's east. The head of the council of Oyo Mesi, the Bashorun, consulted the Ifa oracle prior to the royal succession for approval from the gods. [30] They carried red and green fans as credentials of their status. For instance, by custom the Alaafin abstained from leaving the palace, except during the important festivals, which in practice curtailed his power. [11] Each province was supervised by a governor appointed directly by the Alaafin of Oyo. [46], As Oyo tore itself apart via political intrigue, its vassals began taking advantage of the situation to press for independence. Ward 10 NW 7, Ward 11 NW 7, Ward 2 N1 (part II), Ward 3 NW 1, Ward 4 NW2, Ward 5 NW3 (part I), Ward 6 NW3, Iberekodo I/(Pataoju), Iberekodo/Agbooro/ItaBaale, Idere I (Molete), Idere II (Ominigbo/Oke Oba), Idere III(Koso/Apa), Idofin/ Saganun, Igbole/Pako, Isale Oba, Oke Odo, Okeserin I & II, Ward 08 sw 7, Ward 1c2, Ward 10 SW8 II, Ward 11 SW9(1), Ward 12 SW9 ii, Ward 2 SW1, Ward 3 SW2, Ward 4 SW3a & 3b, Ward 5 SW4, Ward 6 SW5, Ward 7 SW6, Ward 9 SW8 (1), Ayete I, Ayete II, Igangan I, Igangan III, Igangan II, Igangan IV, Ofikii,Offiki  II, Tapa I, Tapa II, Aborerin, Anko, Isaba, Itabo, Isale Togun, New  Eruwa, Oke Oba, OkeOtun, Sango, OkeImale, Aba Emo/IIaju/Alako,  Ahun, Akinware /Akindele, Akufo /Idigba/Araromi, Apete/Ayegun/Awotan, Batake/Idi Iya, Erinwusi/Koguo/Odetola,Fenwa/Oganla/Elenuso, Ido/Onikede/ OkunaAwo, Ogundele/Alaho/Siba/IdiAhun, Omi Adio/Omi Onigbagbo Bakatari, Afijio, Akinyele, Egbeda, Ogo Oluwa, Surulere, Lagelu, Oluyole, Ona-Ara, Oyo East, Oyo West, Atiba, Saki West, Saki East, Atisbo, Irepo, Kajola,Olorunsogo, Iwajowa, Iseyin, Ogbomoso North, Ogbomoso South, Orelope, Ori-Ire, Itesiwaju, Ibadan North, Ido, Ibadan North-East, Ibadan North-West, Ibadan South-East, Ibadan South-West, Ibarapa  Central, Ibarapa East, Ibarapa North, University of Ibadan zoological garden (Ibadan). [13] The alliance victory defined borders between the neighboring states. [25] In return, all sub-rulers had to pay homage to the Oba and renew their allegiance at annual ceremonies. Oyo state is traversed by the Yoruba Hills in The lead representative of Oyo in the corridor was the Olu, ruler of the town of Ilaro. It was recorded that the Alaafin (king) of the Oyo empire ordered Lagelu who was then the commander of armed forces (Are-Ona-Kakanfo) in Oyo, and some of his best men in Oyo, Ilesa and Ogbomosho to build a war camp for warriors coming from Ijebu, Ife and Egba kingdoms. This was done by sending Bashorun (The prime minister) to present either an empty calabash or a dish of parrot's eggs to him and pass a sentence of rejection, known as Awon Eniyan Koo (i.e. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Oyo State is homogenous, mainly inhabited by the Yoruba ethnic group who are primarily agrarian but have a predilection for living in high density urban centers. By contrast, the Aremo often left the palace. History of Oyo State. On the way to the battle, the brothers quarreled and the army split up. History of Ogbomosoland P (also Ogbomoṣo) is a city in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. The influence of an aggressive Yoruba culture is exemplified in the standards placed on the oba (king) and the roles of his council. Oyo never encompassed all Yoruba-speaking people, but it was the most populous kingdom in Yoruba history. Clapperton also noticed a shortage of horses, even though the Oyo were renowned as a great cavalry force; this might have something to do with the fact that most of the empire's soldiers and hence cavalry were stationed at Ilorin under the command of Afonja (and later Alimi's successors). The Oyo Empire developed a highly sophisticated political structure to govern its territorial domains. [43] Because of this, Alaafin Awonbioju spent 130 days on the throne, while Alaafin Labisi only spent 17 days on the throne. [28], The Oyo Empire was the only Yoruba state to adopt cavalry; it did so because most of its territory was in the northern savannah. History. [25] The government was able to provide unity for a vast area through a combination of local autonomy and imperial authority. According to Yoruba history, he founded Oyo as its first Alaafin at around the year 1300 and one of his children, Eweka I, went on to become the first Oba of the Benin Empire. Oyo State is homogenous, mainly inhabited by the Yoruba ethnic group who are primarily agrarian but have a predilection for living in high-density urban centers. There is a Polytechnic, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, with 2 satellite campuses at Eruwa and Saki, and a State-owned University, The Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso which is jointly owned by Oyo and Osun State Governments. [17] The battle lasted four days, but the Yoruba were eventually victorious after reinforcements arrived. [39] These were 70 junior war chiefs who were nominated by the Oyo Mesi and confirmed by the Alaafin of Oyo. The history of Ibadan was traced to the reign of the great old Oyo empire (Oyo-Ile). After this period, the city’s region started to shrink, to cover just the Western Region (1963 – 1967); Western State and old Oyo State (1976 – 1991), before the creation of Osun State, (1976 – 1991). There were checks and balances on the power of the Alafin and the Oyo Mesi and thus no one was arrogated absolute power. [30] The hundreds of Ilari were divided evenly between the sexes. A further cause was given in 1795, when Awole ordered Afonja to attack the market town of Apomu, a part of Ile-Ife. Early in the 16th century Oyo was a minor state, powerless before its northern neighbours Borgu and Nupe—by whom it was conquered in 1550. It came into existence with the break up of the old Western State of Nigeria during the State creation exercise in 1976 and it originally included Osun State, which was split off in 1991. The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire of what is today Benin and Western Nigeria (including Southwest zone and the western half of Northcentral zone). [25] The Oyo Mesi selected the Alaafin. Oyo state was carved out from the Western State that was formed in 1976 which include the Ọsun State but was letter divided in 1991. The Oyo Empire was a Yoruba empire of what is today Benin and Western Nigeria (including Southwest zone and the western half of Northcentral zone). 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